SEARCHSYSTEMATIC_REVIEWophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology

systematic_review·ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology, ocular immunology, systematic review·PMC10567967

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · 6 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

This PRISMA systematic review synthesized 168 studies on vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) diagnosis and treatment published between January 2016 and June 2023. The review found that VKC diagnosis remains clinical with no validated pathognomonic biomarkers, and therapy ranges from antihistamines to topical immunomodulators and, rarely, surgery.

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This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed for studies on VKC from January 2016 to June 2023.

STUDY TYPE

systematic_review

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10567967

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

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ABSTRACT

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral corneal and conjunctival problem which typically presents in young individuals. VKC is characterized by itching, photophobia, white mucous discharge, lacrimation, foreign body sensation, and pain due to corneal involvement of shield ulcers. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is categorized within ocular diseases. The diagnosis is clinical, as no sure biomarkers pathognomonic of the disease have yet been identified. The VKC therapy relies on different types of drugs, from antihistamines and topical steroids to cyclosporine or tacrolimus eye drops. In extremely rare cases, there is also the need for surgical treatment for the debridement of ulcers, as well as for advanced glaucoma and cataracts, caused by excessive prolonged use of steroid eye drops. We performed a systematic review of the literature, according to PRISMA guideline recommendations. We searched the PubMed database from January 2016 to June 2023. Search terms were Vernal, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and VKC. We initially identified 211 articles. After the screening process, 168 studies were eligible according to our criteria and were included in the review. In this study, we performed a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available diagnostic methods, management of VKC, and its treatments.

CITATION EXPORT

Gaia Bruschi, Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni, Laura Cozzi et al.. Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-023-08970-4

AUTHORS

6 · 2 CENTRES

Gaia Bruschi, Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni, Laura Cozzi, Silvia Osnaghi, Francesco Viola, Paola Marchisio

1https://ror.org/00wjc7c48grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
2https://ror.org/016zn0y21grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy