Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · 7 authors, 1 centre
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This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the development and modulation of allergic diseases. It concludes that while TLRs, particularly TLR4, interact with many allergens, their complex role requires further human clinical research.
This narrative review discusses Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as pathogen detectors linking innate and adaptive immunity, with genetic variations and expression differences linked to allergic diseases like asthma and rhinitis. The review covers TLR expression in allergy-relevant organs and cells, their role in modulating immune responses, and how environmental factors like microbes and pollutants influence allergy development. It emphasizes the interaction of allergen sources with TLRs, particularly TLR4, and explores targeting TLRs for novel therapies. A key limitation noted is that many animal studies are conducted under pathogen-free conditions, which may not reflect natural human sensitization, underscoring the need for future human clinical trials.
